Aedes

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search

Aedes
Aedes aegypti feeding.jpg
Aedes aegypti
Scientific classification e
Kingdom: Animalia
Clade: Euarthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Diptera
Family: Culicidae
Tribe: Aedini
Genus: Aedes
Meigen, 1818
Type species
Aedes cinereus
Meigen, 1818
Species

See List of Aedes species
Aedes aegypti
Aedes albopictus
Aedes australis
Aedes cinereus
Aedes japonicus
Aedes polynesiensis[1]
Aedes rusticus
Aedes vexans

Aedes is a genus of mosquitoes originally found in tropical and subtropical zones, but now found on all continents except Antarctica. Some species have been spread by human activity. Aedes albopictus, a most invasive species, was recently spread to the New World, including the United States, by the used-tire trade. First described and named by German entomologist Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818, the generic name comes from the Ancient Greek ἀηδής, aēdēs, meaning "unpleasant" or "odious". The type species for Aedes is Aedes cinereus.[2] Some species of this genus transmit serious diseases, including dengue fever, yellow fever, the Zika virus,[3] and chikungunya. In Polynesia, the species Aedes polynesiensis is responsible for the transmission of human lymphatic filariasis.

Aedes can be detected and monitored by ovitraps.

The yellow fever mosquito (Aedes aegypti) genome was sequenced by the Broad Institute and The Institute for Genomic Research. The initial assembly was released in August 2005; a draft sequence of the genome and preliminary analysis was published in June 2007.[4] The annotated genome is available at VectorBase.[5]

Characteristics[edit]

Aedes mosquitoes are visually distinctive because they have noticeable black and white markings on their body and legs. Unlike most other mosquitoes, they are active and bite only during the daytime. The peak biting periods are early in the morning and in the evening before dusk.[6]

Role in disease[edit]

Members of the genus Aedes are known vectors for numerous viral infections. The two most prominent species that transmit viruses are Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus which transmit the viruses that cause dengue fever, yellow fever, West Nile fever, chikungunya, eastern equine encephalitis, and Zika virus,[7] along with many other, less notable diseases. Infections with these viruses are typically accompanied by a fever, and, in some cases, encephalitis, which can lead to death. A vaccine to provide protection from yellow fever exists, and measures to prevent mosquito bites include: insecticides such as DDT, mosquito traps, insect repellents, and mosquito nets.

Systematics and phylogeny[edit]

Aedes (Stegomyia) pia, a recently described new species[8]

The genus was named by Johann Wilhelm Meigen in 1818. As historically defined, the genus contains over 700 species (see the list of Aedes species). The genus has been divided into several subgenera (Aedes, Diceromyia, Finlaya, Stegomyia, etc.), most of which have been recently treated by some authorities as full genera.[9] The classification was revised in 2009.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ http://www.who.int/denguecontrol/mosquito/en/
  2. ^ Walter Reed Biosystematics Unit. undated. "Aedes". "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-04-06. Retrieved 2016-02-04. .
  3. ^ CDC Transmission of Zika virus
  4. ^ Nene V, Wortman JR, Lawson D, et al. (2007). "Genome sequence of Aedes aegypti, a major arbovirus vector". Science. 316 (5832): 1718–23. doi:10.1126/science.1138878. PMC 2868357Freely accessible. PMID 17510324. 
  5. ^ "Aedes aegypti". VectorBase. Retrieved 3 November 2013. 
  6. ^ http://www.who.int/denguecontrol/faq/en/index5.html
  7. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 2016-01-26. Retrieved 2016-01-26. 
  8. ^ Le Goff, G.; Brengues, C.; Robert, V. (2013). "Stegomyia mosquitoes in Mayotte, taxonomic study and description of Stegomyia pia n. sp". Parasite. 20: 31. doi:10.1051/parasite/2013030. PMC 3770211Freely accessible. PMID 24025625. 
  9. ^ Reinert, John F.; Harbach, Ralph E.; Kitching, Ian J. (2004). "Phylogeny and classification of Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae), based on morphological characters of all life stages" (PDF). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 142 (3): 289–368. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2004.00144.x. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-03-13. 
  10. ^ John F. Reinert, Ralph E. Harbach, and Ian J. Kitching. 2009. "Phylogeny and classification of tribe Aedini (Diptera: Culicidae)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 157(4):700-794. [1].

External links[edit]