Press-Releases

Parker Reports Fiscal 2022 Second Quarter Results


  • Sales increased 12% to a second quarter record at $3.82 billion, organic sales increased 13%
  • Segment operating margin was a second quarter record at 19.4% as reported, or 21.6% adjusted
  • Net income was $387.6 million; EPS was $2.97 as reported, or $4.46 adjusted
  • Second quarter EBITDA margin was 18.2% as reported, or 22.7% adjusted
  • Company increases fiscal 2022 EPS guidance

CLEVELAND, Feb. 03, 2022 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Parker Hannifin Corporation (NYSE: PH), the global leader in motion and control technologies, today reported results for the fiscal 2022 second quarter ended December 31, 2021. Fiscal 2022 second quarter sales were a second quarter record at $3.82 billion, an increase of 12%, compared with $3.41 billion in the second quarter of fiscal 2021. Net income was $387.6 million, compared with $448.4 million in the prior year quarter. Fiscal 2022 second quarter adjusted net income was $582.2 million, compared with $451.6 million in fiscal 2021. Adjustments include an unrealized pre-tax loss of $149 million in the fiscal 2022 second quarter on the deal contingent forward contracts related to the previously announced acquisition of Meggitt plc. Earnings per share were $2.97, compared with $3.42 in the second quarter of fiscal 2021. Adjusted earnings per share increased 29% to $4.46, compared with adjusted earnings per share of $3.45 in the prior year quarter. Fiscal year-to-date cash flow from operations was $1.01 billion, or 13% of sales, compared with $1.35 billion in the prior year period. A reconciliation of non-GAAP measures is included in the financial tables of this press release.

“Our teams executed extremely well in the second quarter in an environment of strong demand against a backdrop of inflationary pressures and supply chain challenges together with disruptions brought on by the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic,” said Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Tom Williams. “We delivered record second quarter sales, driven by strong organic growth across all of our businesses and regions. Importantly, we also delivered record total segment operating margin and our adjusted EBITDA margin increased by 180 basis points compared with the prior year period. Our results reflect the impact of The Win Strategy™ and significant changes we have made to our portfolio. Parker team members continue to demonstrate remarkable resiliency and agility as they respond to very dynamic and uncertain circumstances in the global supply chain.”

Segment Results
Diversified Industrial Segment: North American second quarter sales increased 15% to $1.81 billion and operating income was $337.4 million compared with $281.6 million in the same period a year ago. International second quarter sales increased 11% to $1.40 billion and operating income was $291.6 million compared with $220.2 million in the same period a year ago.

Aerospace Systems Segment: Second quarter sales increased 6% to $618.4 million and operating income was $114.8 million compared with $90.7 million in the same period a year ago.

Parker reported the following orders for the quarter ending December 31, 2021, compared with the same quarter a year ago:

  • Orders increased 12% for total Parker
  • Orders increased 17% in the Diversified Industrial North America businesses
  • Orders increased 14% in the Diversified Industrial International businesses
  • Orders decreased 7%* in the Aerospace Systems Segment on a rolling 12-month average basis.
    *Aerospace orders increased mid-teens excluding sizable multi-year military orders in the prior period.

Outlook
For the fiscal year ending June 30, 2022, the company has increased guidance for earnings per share to the range of $14.42 to $14.92, or $17.80 to $18.30 on an adjusted basis. Guidance assumes organic sales growth of approximately 10% to 12% compared with the prior year. Fiscal year 2022 guidance is adjusted on a pre-tax basis for acquisition-related expenses of $71 million, a loss of $149 million on deal contingent forward contracts related to the acquisition of Meggitt plc and expected business realignment expenses of approximately $30 million, LORD costs to achieve of approximately $5 million and acquisition-related intangible asset amortization of approximately $320 million. A reconciliation of forecasted earnings per share to adjusted forecasted earnings per share is included in the financial tables of this press release.

Williams added, “For the remainder of this fiscal year, we expect positive demand trends to continue and are confident in our ability to navigate the Omicron variant and supply chain challenges ahead. We are also encouraged with the progress being made on the regulatory clearances required for the closure of the Meggitt acquisition. With disciplined execution of the Win Strategy 3.0 and the transformation of our portfolio continuing, we remain strongly positioned to deliver sustainable long-term growth and top quartile performance.”

NOTICE OF CONFERENCE CALL: Parker Hannifin’s conference call and slide presentation to discuss its fiscal 2022 second quarter results are available to all interested parties via live webcast today at 11:00 a.m. ET, at www.phstock.com. A replay of the webcast will be available on the site approximately one hour after the completion of the call and will remain available for one year. To register for e-mail notification of future events please visit www.phstock.com.

About Parker Hannifin
Parker Hannifin is a Fortune 250 global leader in motion and control technologies. For more than a century the company has been enabling engineering breakthroughs that lead to a better tomorrow. Parker has increased its annual dividend per share paid to shareholders for 65 consecutive fiscal years, among the top five longest-running dividend-increase records in the S&P 500 index. Learn more at www.parker.com or @parkerhannifin.

Offer to Acquire Meggitt PLC
The acquisition of Meggitt plc, announced August 2, 2021, remains subject to satisfaction or waiver of the conditions set out in the scheme document, including regulatory clearances. It is currently expected that completion of the transaction will occur during the third quarter of calendar year 2022. For copies of all announcements and further information, please visit the dedicated transaction microsite at www.aerospacegrowth.com.

Note on Orders
Orders provide near-term perspective on the company’s outlook, particularly when viewed in the context of prior and future quarterly order rates. However, orders are not in themselves an indication of future performance. All comparisons are at constant currency exchange rates, with the prior year restated to the current-year rates. All exclude acquisitions until they can be reflected in both the numerator and denominator. Aerospace comparisons are rolling 12-month average computations. The total Parker orders number is derived from a weighted average of the year-over-year quarterly % change in orders for Diversified Industrial North America and Diversified Industrial International, and the year-over-year 12-month rolling average of orders for the Aerospace Systems Segment.

Note on Net Income
Net income referenced in this press release is equal to net income attributable to common shareholders.

Note on Non-GAAP Financial Measures
This press release contains references to non-GAAP financial information including (a) adjusted net income; (b) adjusted earnings per share; (c) adjusted total segment operating margin; (d) EBITDA margin; and (e) adjusted EBITDA margin. The adjusted net income, earnings per share and total segment operating margin measures are presented to allow investors and the company to meaningfully evaluate changes in net income, earnings per share and total segment operating margin on a comparable basis from period to period. This press release also contains references to EBITDA, EBITDA margin and adjusted EBITDA margin. EBITDA is defined as earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. Although EBITDA, EBITDA margin and adjusted EBITDA margin are not measures of performance calculated in accordance with GAAP, we believe that they are useful to an investor in evaluating the results of this quarter versus the prior period. A reconciliation of non-GAAP measures is included in the financial tables of this press release.

Forward-Looking Statements
Forward-looking statements contained in this and other written and oral reports are made based on known events and circumstances at the time of release, and as such, are subject in the future to unforeseen uncertainties and risks. Often but not always, these statements may be identified from the use of forward-looking terminology such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “expects,” “targets,” “is likely,” “will,” or the negative of these terms and similar expressions, and include all statements regarding future performance, earnings projections, events or developments. Neither Parker nor any of its respective associates or directors, officers or advisers, provides any representation, assurance or guarantee that the occurrence of the events expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements in this press release will actually occur. Parker cautions readers not to place undue reliance on these statements. It is possible that the future performance and earnings projections of the company, including its individual segments, may differ materially from past performance or current expectations.

The risks and uncertainties in connection with such forward-looking statements related to the proposed acquisition of Meggitt include, but are not limited to, the occurrence of any event, change or other circumstances that could delay or prevent the closing of the proposed acquisition, including the failure to satisfy any of the conditions to the proposed acquisition; the possibility that in order for the parties to obtain regulatory approvals, conditions are imposed that prevent or otherwise adversely affect the anticipated benefits from the proposed acquisition or cause the parties to abandon the proposed acquisition; adverse effects on Parker’s common stock because of the failure to complete the proposed acquisition; Parker’s business experiencing disruptions due to acquisition-related uncertainty or other factors making it more difficult to maintain relationships with employees, business partners or governmental entities; the possibility that the expected synergies and value creation from the proposed acquisition will not be realized or will not be realized within the expected time period, due to unsuccessful implementation strategies or otherwise; and significant transaction costs related to the proposed acquisition.

Among other factors which may affect future performance are: the impact of the global outbreak of COVID-19 and governmental and other actions taken in response; changes in business relationships with and purchases by or from major customers, suppliers or distributors, including delays or cancellations in shipments; disputes regarding contract terms or significant changes in financial condition, changes in contract cost and revenue estimates for new development programs and changes in product mix; ability to identify acceptable strategic acquisition targets; uncertainties surrounding timing, successful completion or integration of acquisitions and similar transactions, including the integration of LORD Corporation or Exotic Metals; the ability to successfully divest businesses planned for divestiture and realize the anticipated benefits of such divestitures; the determination to undertake business realignment activities and the expected costs thereof and, if undertaken, the ability to complete such activities and realize the anticipated cost savings from such activities; ability to implement successfully business and operating initiatives, including the timing, price and execution of share repurchases and other capital initiatives; availability, cost increases of or other limitations on our access to raw materials, component products and/or commodities if associated costs cannot be recovered in product pricing; ability to manage costs related to insurance and employee retirement and health care benefits; legal and regulatory developments and changes; compliance costs associated with environmental laws and regulations; potential supply chain and labor disruptions, including as a result of labor shortages; threats associated with and efforts to combat terrorism and cyber-security risks; uncertainties surrounding the ultimate resolution of outstanding legal proceedings, including the outcome of any appeals; local and global political and competitive market conditions, including global reactions to U.S. trade policies, and resulting effects on sales and pricing; and global economic factors, including manufacturing activity, air travel trends, currency exchange rates, difficulties entering new markets and general economic conditions such as inflation, deflation, interest rates (including fluctuations associated with any potential credit rating decline) and credit availability; inability to obtain, or meet conditions imposed for, required governmental and regulatory approvals; changes in consumer habits and preferences; government actions, including the impact of changes in the tax laws in the United States and foreign jurisdictions and any judicial or regulatory interpretation thereof; and large scale disasters, such as floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, industrial accidents and pandemics. Readers should consider these forward-looking statements in light of risk factors discussed in Parker’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended June 30, 2021 and other periodic filings made with the SEC.

Contact: Media –  
  Aidan Gormley – Director, Global Communications and Branding 216-896-3258
  aidan.gormley@parker.com  
     
  Financial Analysts –  
  Robin J. Davenport, Vice President, Corporate Finance 216-896-2265
  rjdavenport@parker.com  
     
Stock Symbol: PH – NYSE  
PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION – DECEMBER 31, 2021        
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF INCOME              
(Unaudited)   Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands, except per share amounts)   2021       2020*       2021       2020*  
Net sales   $ 3,824,580     $ 3,411,905     $ 7,587,389     $ 6,642,445  
Cost of sales     2,764,725       2,518,165       5,478,622       4,904,614  
Selling, general and administrative expenses   380,710       356,572       788,475       726,423  
Interest expense     61,360       62,990       120,710       128,948  
Other expense (income), net     127,461       (103,714 )     137,513       (108,606 )
Income before income taxes     490,324       577,892       1,062,069       991,066  
Income taxes     102,595       129,350       222,877       222,413  
Net income     387,729       448,542       839,192       768,653  
Less: Noncontrolling interests     129       191       435       499  
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 387,600     $ 448,351     $ 838,757     $ 768,154  
                 
Earnings per share attributable to common shareholders:              
Basic earnings per share   $ 3.02     $ 3.48     $ 6.52     $ 5.96  
Diluted earnings per share   $ 2.97     $ 3.42     $ 6.42     $ 5.89  
                 
Average shares outstanding during period – Basic   128,493,725       129,013,781       128,610,223       128,860,763  
Average shares outstanding during period – Diluted   130,581,665       131,075,655       130,585,212       130,482,564  
                 
                 
CASH DIVIDENDS PER COMMON SHARE              
(Unaudited)   Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,
(Amounts in dollars)     2021       2020       2021       2020  
Cash dividends per common share $ 1.03     $ 0.88     $ 2.06     $ 1.76  
                 
RECONCILIATION OF NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS TO ADJUSTED NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS
(Unaudited)   Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)     2021       2020*       2021       2020*  
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 387,600     $ 448,351     $ 838,757     $ 768,154  
Adjustments:              
Acquired intangible asset amortization expense   78,741       81,237       158,512       162,940  
Business realignment charges   3,645       18,767       6,659       34,468  
Integration costs to achieve     807       3,592       2,009       7,539  
Acquisition-related expenses   19,142             71,341        
Loss on deal-contingent forward contracts   149,382             149,382        
Gain on sale of land           (100,893 )           (100,893 )
Tax effect of adjustments1     (57,139 )     572       (87,780 )     (22,738 )
Adjusted net income attributable to common shareholders $ 582,178     $ 451,626     $ 1,138,880     $ 849,470  
                 
*Prior period has been adjusted to reflect the change in inventory accounting method, as described in the Company’s fiscal 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
                 
1This line item reflects the aggregate tax effect of all non-tax adjustments reflected in the preceding line items of the table. We estimate the tax effect of each adjustment item by applying our overall effective tax rate for continuing operations to the pre-tax amount, unless the nature of the item and/or the tax jurisdiction in which the item has been recorded requires application of a specific tax rate or tax treatment, in which case the tax effect of such item is estimated by applying such specific tax rate or tax treatment.
PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION – DECEMBER 31, 2021            
RECONCILIATION OF EARNINGS PER DILUTED SHARE TO ADJUSTED EARNINGS PER DILUTED SHARE
(Unaudited)   Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,
(Amounts in dollars)     2021       2020*       2021       2020*  
Earnings per diluted share $ 2.97     $ 3.42     $ 6.42     $ 5.89  
Adjustments:              
Acquired intangible asset amortization expense   0.60       0.62       1.21       1.25  
Business realignment charges   0.03       0.14       0.05       0.26  
Integration costs to achieve   0.01       0.02       0.02       0.05  
Acquisition-related expenses   0.15             0.55        
Loss on deal-contingent forward contracts   1.14             1.14        
Gain on sale of land           (0.77 )           (0.77 )
Tax effect of adjustments1     (0.44 )     0.02       (0.67 )     (0.16 )
Adjusted earnings per diluted share $ 4.46     $ 3.45     $ 8.72     $ 6.52  
                 
                 
1This line item reflects the aggregate tax effect of all non-tax adjustments reflected in the preceding line items of the table. We estimate the tax effect of each adjustment item by applying our overall effective tax rate for continuing operations to the pre-tax amount, unless the nature of the item and/or the tax jurisdiction in which the item has been recorded requires application of a specific tax rate or tax treatment, in which case the tax effect of such item is estimated by applying such specific tax rate or tax treatment.
RECONCILIATION OF EBITDA TO ADJUSTED EBITDA        
(Unaudited)   Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)     2021       2020*       2021       2020*  
Net sales   $ 3,824,580     $ 3,411,905     $ 7,587,389     $ 6,642,445  
                 
Net income   $ 387,729     $ 448,542     $ 839,192     $ 768,653  
Income taxes     102,595       129,350       222,877       222,413  
Depreciation     65,362       68,581       131,113       135,320  
Amortization     78,741       81,237       158,512       162,940  
Interest expense     61,360       62,990       120,710       128,948  
EBITDA     695,787       790,700       1,472,404       1,418,274  
Adjustments:                
Business realignment charges     3,645       18,767       6,659       34,468  
Integration costs to achieve   807       3,592       2,009       7,539  
Acquisition-related expenses     19,142             71,341        
Loss on deal-contingent forward contracts     149,382             149,382        
Gain on sale of land           (100,893 )           (100,893 )
Adjusted EBITDA   $ 868,763     $ 712,166     $ 1,701,795     $ 1,359,388  
                 
EBITDA margin     18.2 %     23.2 %     19.4 %     21.4 %
Adjusted EBITDA margin     22.7 %     20.9 %     22.4 %     20.5 %
                 
*Prior period has been adjusted to reflect the change in inventory accounting method, as described in the Company’s fiscal 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION – DECEMBER 31, 2021            
BUSINESS SEGMENT INFORMATION              
(Unaudited)   Three Months Ended December 31,   Six Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)     2021     2020*       2021     2020*  
Net sales                
Diversified Industrial:                
North America   $ 1,807,024   $ 1,566,877     $ 3,600,739   $ 3,094,988  
International     1,399,179     1,259,625       2,775,615     2,388,876  
Aerospace Systems     618,377     585,403       1,211,035     1,158,581  
Total net sales   $ 3,824,580   $ 3,411,905     $ 7,587,389   $ 6,642,445  
Segment operating income                
Diversified Industrial:                
North America   $ 337,417   $ 281,619     $ 671,119   $ 550,452  
International     291,555     220,213       582,731     407,114  
Aerospace Systems     114,796     90,729       233,047     177,495  
Total segment operating income   743,768     592,561       1,486,897     1,135,061  
Corporate general and administrative expenses   42,587     38,720       91,659     75,455  
Income before interest expense and other expense   701,181     553,841       1,395,238     1,059,606  
Interest expense     61,360     62,990       120,710     128,948  
Other expense (income)     149,497     (87,041 )     212,459     (60,408 )
Income before income taxes   $ 490,324   $ 577,892     $ 1,062,069   $ 991,066  
                 
*Prior period has been adjusted to reflect the change in inventory accounting method, as described in the Company’s fiscal 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
RECONCILIATION OF TOTAL SEGMENT OPERATING MARGIN TO ADJUSTED TOTAL SEGMENT OPERATING MARGIN
(Unaudited)   Three Months Ended   Three Months Ended
(Dollars in thousands)   December 31, 2021   December 31, 2020
    Operating
income
  Operating
margin
  Operating
income
  Operating
margin
Total segment operating income   $ 743,768   19.4 %   $ 592,561   17.4 %
Adjustments:                
Acquired intangible asset amortization expense     78,741         81,237    
Business realignment charges     3,645         17,922    
Integration costs to achieve     807         3,592    
Adjusted total segment operating income   $ 826,961   21.6 %   $ 695,312   20.4 %
                 
    Six Months Ended   Six Months Ended
    December 31, 2021   December 31, 2020
    Operating
income
  Operating
margin
  Operating
income
  Operating
margin
Total segment operating income   $ 1,486,897   19.6 %   $ 1,135,061   17.1 %
Adjustments:                
Acquired intangible asset amortization expense     158,512         162,940    
Business realignment charges     6,659         32,445    
Integration costs to achieve     2,009         7,539    
Adjusted total segment operating income   $ 1,654,077   21.8 %   $ 1,337,985   20.1 %
                 
                 
PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION – DECEMBER 31, 2021        
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET          
(Unaudited)   December 31,   June 30,   December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)     2021     2021   2020*
Assets            
Current assets:            
Cash and cash equivalents   $ 449,481   $ 733,117   $ 564,734
Marketable securities and other investments     40,511     39,116     43,314
Trade accounts receivable, net     2,041,953     2,183,594     1,816,731
Non-trade and notes receivable     314,897     326,315     312,590
Inventories     2,307,306     2,090,642     2,019,772
Prepaid expenses and other     2,753,501     243,966     191,362
Total current assets     7,907,649     5,616,750     4,948,503
Property, plant and equipment, net     2,202,932     2,266,476     2,302,142
Deferred income taxes     146,567     104,251     134,325
Investments and other assets     794,814     774,239     795,073
Intangible assets, net     3,343,612     3,519,797     3,695,194
Goodwill     7,999,901     8,059,687     8,101,016
Total assets   $ 22,395,475   $ 20,341,200   $ 19,976,253
             
Liabilities and equity            
Current liabilities:            
Notes payable and long-term debt payable within one year   $ 2,201,653   $ 2,824   $ 610,909
Accounts payable, trade     1,597,025     1,667,878     1,343,011
Accrued payrolls and other compensation     335,417     507,027     345,973
Accrued domestic and foreign taxes     294,255     236,384     218,624
Other accrued liabilities     829,141     682,390     688,566
Total current liabilities     5,257,491     3,096,503     3,207,083
Long-term debt     6,250,525     6,582,053     6,602,309
Pensions and other postretirement benefits     959,741     1,055,638     1,843,209
Deferred income taxes     558,986     553,981     456,842
Other liabilities     600,452     639,355     631,825
Shareholders’ equity     8,755,082     8,398,307     7,218,663
Noncontrolling interests     13,198     15,363     16,322
Total liabilities and equity   $ 22,395,475   $ 20,341,200   $ 19,976,253
             
*Prior period has been adjusted to reflect the change in inventory accounting method, as described in the Company’s fiscal 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION – DECEMBER 31, 2021    
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS        
(Unaudited)   Six Months Ended December 31,
(Dollars in thousands)     2021       2020*  
Cash flows from operating activities:        
Net income   $ 839,192     $ 768,653  
Depreciation and amortization     289,625       298,260  
Share incentive plan compensation     79,385       79,833  
Gain on sale of business     (1,520 )      
Gain on disposal of property, plant and equipment     (7,880 )     (102,565 )
Gain on marketable securities     (4,948 )     (6,959 )
Gain on investments     (1,487 )     (4,783 )
Net change in receivables, inventories and trade payables     (147,481 )     270,063  
Net change in other assets and liabilities     (16,498 )     47,707  
Other, net     (22,919 )     3,779  
Net cash provided by operating activities     1,005,469       1,353,988  
Cash flows from investing activities:        
Capital expenditures     (105,606 )     (92,907 )
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment     22,392       124,428  
Proceeds from sale of businesses     2,466        
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments     (10,150 )     (16,029 )
Maturities and sales of marketable securities and other investments     13,742       52,019  
Other     2,789       11,183  
Net cash (used in) provided by investing activities     (74,367 )     78,694  
Cash flows from financing activities:        
Net payments for common stock activity     (317,512 )     (57,688 )
Net proceeds from (payments for) debt     1,900,844       (1,324,348 )
Financing fees paid     (52,108 )      
Dividends paid     (265,556 )     (227,228 )
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities     1,265,668       (1,609,264 )
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash     6,978       55,802  
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash     2,203,748       (120,780 )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of year     733,117       685,514  
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period   $ 2,936,865     $ 564,734  
         
*Prior period has been adjusted to reflect the change in inventory accounting method, as described in the Company’s fiscal 2021 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
     
PARKER HANNIFIN CORPORATION – DECEMBER 31, 2021  
RECONCILIATION OF FORECASTED EARNINGS PER DILUTED SHARE TO ADJUSTED FORECASTED EARNINGS PER DILUTED SHARE
     
(Unaudited)    
(Amounts in dollars)   Fiscal Year 2022
Forecasted earnings per diluted share $14.42 to $14.92
Adjustments:  
Business realignment charges 0.22
Costs to achieve   0.04
Acquisition-related intangible asset amortization expense   2.43
Acquisition-related expenses   0.55
Loss on deal-contingent forward contracts   1.14
Tax effect of adjustments1   (1.00)
Adjusted forecasted earnings per diluted share $17.80 to $18.30
     
1This line item reflects the aggregate tax effect of all non-tax adjustments reflected in the preceding line items of the table. We estimate the tax effect of each adjustment item by applying our overall effective tax rate for continuing operations to the pre-tax amount, unless the nature of the item and/or the tax jurisdiction in which the item has been recorded requires application of a specific tax rate or tax treatment, in which case the tax effect of such item is estimated by applying such specific tax rate or tax treatment.



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